Structure and Design and Bokani Munodawafa discuss the potential of AI and machine learning in the architecture industry, particularly in Africa. Munodawafa, an architect himself, highlights the slow adoption of new technologies and the potential for AI to streamline the design process, improve communication, and provide valuable insights. He also shares his experience with BIM model software and the integration of technology in architecture, focusing on the challenges and opportunities presented by implementing new technologies. These include the need for resources, compatibility issues, and ethical considerations.
Q: How do you feel about the whole AI/ML phenomenon in general?
A: I think it’s great. Humanity has to evolve, and AI is a progression of our ability to do things efficiently, especially with machine learning. It’s a steep progression, which is somewhat scary, but also quite impressive. We can only imagine how much more humanity can achieve with such drastic advancements in AI and machine learning.
Q: How do you see AI and ML impacting Africa’s architecture industry in the next 5-10 years?
A: I think a 5 to 10-year period is too short for Africa to see noticeable change. We are generally slow to adopt new technologies and trends. We’ll likely sit back and observe how the first world handles these advancements before adopting them ourselves. Only early adopters will be able to maximise on these AI advancements, and I don’t see any significant impact on the overall African market within that time frame.
Q: What specific new technologies or software are you currently using or interested in exploring in your architectural practice? Can you share examples of heavily tech-integrated projects you have worked on, and what made them successful?
A: At SBM, we predominantly use ArchiCAD. It’s a versatile tool that allows us to create detailed drawings and integrate various services into a Building Information Model (BIM). The BIM model can store all necessary project information, with endless possibilities. It enables us to publish a model viewable by the entire project team, clients, and contractors, enhancing understanding in both 3D and 2D.
Each element within the model contains detailed information such as materials, finishes, and volumes, and we can include manufacturer specifications and costs.
For rendering, we use 3ds Max and V-Ray. Recently, we’ve started using Chaos Vantage, a new software that utilises V-Ray technology to create animations and images at lightning speed by harnessing the power of the GPU. This shift from traditional CPU rendering has enabled us to achieve impressive results with real-time rendering, making the design process more efficient and streamlined.
We are also exploring AI technologies. For example, there are tools that automate the design of car parks by generating layouts based on given parameters. This saves time on tasks that would otherwise be labour-intensive. AI can also assist in detailing sections of a project, which is incredibly powerful. We’re moving in this direction but haven’t fully explored these tools yet.
In projects where we have used BIM software, it has greatly improved the understanding of the building for the project team and contractors. Typically, contractors receive multiple drawings and need significant time to understand a design that took a year to develop. A BIM model simplifies this process, allowing contractors to easily refer to it if they have questions.
Q: Do you think technology can ever replace architects, and if it gets to that, what new skills will be required?
A: I don’t think technology will replace architects; it will aid them, but not replace them, at least not in our lifetime. The human touch is still necessary because AI doesn’t catch the nuances of the human aspect of things. There are also issues with liability and legislation that need to be addressed. AI will aid architects but not replace them entirely.
Q: What challenges do you face as an architect in implementing new technologies, and have you found a way around them?
A: Technology requires resources, and without sufficient funds, adoption is challenging. For example, Chaos Vantage requires a powerful graphics card, such as the RTX 4080, which is expensive. Without such resources, we can’t use the program effectively. Additionally, all stakeholders need to buy into these technologies, which isn’t always easy. Compatibility issues with other programs also pose challenges, but we find ways to integrate various elements, even if it means additional work.
Q: How do you balance technological advancements with sustainability, energy efficiency, and environmental considerations?
A: Balancing these aspects is quite broad and challenging, especially since we don’t have a Sustainability Council or a barometer to measure sustainability effectively. However, we are working on projects that aim to meet green requirements with the help of consultants. It’s a steep learning curve, requiring resources and legislative support, which is easier in first-world countries. We leverage what we have available in our country and adopt a sustainable approach to design in general. Each project is different, but small sustainable design practices help us tick those boxes from the start.
Q: Are there any ethical considerations when using AI and ML in architecture?
A: I’m not sure about machine learning in architecture specifically, but AI does raise ethical issues. AI learns from old data, which can present ethical chal-lenges. Legislation will need to evolve to address these issues. However, a new generation will likely find ways to handle these ethical considerations effectively.
Text: Farai Chaka
From: S&D ISSUE 68
