One of the first decisions you’ll make before building out your own smart home is weighing security features against convenience features. Most of the packages you’ll encounter will emphasize one or the other, even if they offer elements of both. If you’re mostly interested in being alerted to a break-in, or a disaster such as a fire or a burst water pipe, you’ll be happier with a home security system— perhaps one with a service that can dispatch first responders on your behalf.
But if you’re more interested in the fun and convenience of a modern home technology—having lights turn on and off with voice commands, for example, or having a sprinkler system that operates in concert with the local weather—you’ll want a smart home system. This article focuses on the home security system basics The home security business has been upended in recent years, driven by the availability of always-on broadband services, low-cost wireless technology, and—most recently—smart home technology. In years past, a service provider would send a technician to your home to install a big metal box in your closet, connect it to your land line, and run wired sensors to all your doors and windows.
You’d need to sign up for an expensive long-term contract for professional monitoring, without which the system would be useless. You can still buy professionally installed systems—from vendors such as ADT, Vivint, or even Comcast—with monitoring included in the price of the package. But a do-it[1]yourselfer can acquire equipment that’s every bit as good, if not always as flashy, and have it up and running in an hour or two. Opt[1]in professional monitoring is available with many of these systems, but if you’re looking to save even more money, some vendors let you monitor your own security using a smartphone app for free.
HOME SECURITY SYSTEM KITS Most security systems are sold as kits, which ensures that all the components are known to work together. What comes in a security system starter kit? That will vary from one manufacturer to another, but the typical kit will include: A hub that connects to your router, either wirelessly or with an ethernet cable. This is the “brains” of the system. There will be a siren to warn you and frighten an intruder, and a keypad you’ll use to arm the system when you leave or retire for the night, and disarm when you come home or wake up and start your day. In some systems, the alarm, hub, and keypad will all be in the same enclosure. More advanced hubs will contain a battery backup and a cellular radio, so that alerts are sent even if you lose power or your broadband connection goes down. In most cases, however, you’ll have to pay a monthly fee for that peace of mind.
Door/window sensors: These are small, typically two-piece devices that attach to your doors and windows via tape or screws. One side of the sensor has a magnet and the other a small piece of steel. Separating the two breaks the magnetic field between them and sends a signal to the hub to report that the door or window has been opened. The hub can typically be programmed with a delay that allows you to open a door, walk to the keypad, and disarm the system before the alarm goes off.
Window sensors trigger an immediate alarm, since no one should be entering or exiting the home via a window. At least one motion sensor that will detect movement within its field of view. When you plan to remain in the house, you’ll arm your system “home” or “stay,” and the hub will ignore messages from the motion sensor. When you leave the house and arm the system “away,” any unexpected movement will trigger the hub to go into an alarm state. Most motion sensors include a pet mode that will prevent small animals from triggering false alarms. It’s always a good idea to count the number of doors and windows you’ll want to monitor, because the starter kit probably won’t have enough to cover all of them. But here’s a pro tip: One motion sensor can cover at least one door and several windows, depending on where it’s placed. It might not trigger an alarm immediately after a breach, but there shouldn’t be an appreciable delay before an intruder sets it off by walking in front of it.
BEYOND HOME SECURITY BASICS Some home security systems provide or allow you to add other security components, such as: A remote key fob or a secondary keypad: Your most frequent interactions with your security system will probably occur via a smartphone app, but better systems offer more flexibility. You might set up a second keypad at another entry location, or push a button on a remote control on your keychain to arm and disarm the system. Nest Labs offers an NFC-enabled remote that you tap on its hub to disarm its Nest Secure system, which might be easier for children to work with.
Glass break/vibration sensors: These sensors either listen for the specific pitch of glass breaking or adhere to a window, monitoring for the vibrational shock of damage, tripping the alarm if a break is detected. Smoke and/or carbon monoxide detectors: Many security vendors have been expanding their definition of security by adding the option to protect your home and its occupants from smoke, fire, and carbon monoxide. Water leak sensors: Insurance claims for water damage from burst pipes and similar disasters are far more common than fires, so a system that can warn you of the presence of water where it shouldn’t be can deliver big benefits. A security camera: Surprisingly, most security systems do not include cameras as part of their base package, but many offer them as an add-on, or they partner with a third-party provider to incorporate cameras.
If the home security system you’re considering doesn’t include a component you think is essential, ask if you can add one from a third[1]party vendor. Some companies are relatively open or at least run a certification program that tests and approves third-party products for inclusion in their systems. Others operate walled gardens—essentially saying “If we don’t have it, you don’t need it.”
MONITOR IT YOURSELF, OR PAY A PROFESSIONAL?
Your final consideration with a home security system is how to monitor it. Some vendors give you the option of doing it yourself for free, while others don’t give you a choice. If you opt for self-monitoring, know that it means you’re responsible for keeping tabs on your own security, whether you’re at home or not. If you get a notification from the app that your alarm has been tripped, you’ll need to decide whether to call the police or fire department, ask a neighbor to investigate, or simply ignore it and hope for the best.
Professional monitoring is typically offered as a subscription service, but many companies expect you to sign a contract committing to the service for a year or longer—and in some cases, much longer. Cancelling the contract before the term is up can leave you owing an early termination fee. Ring offers one of the least-expensive optional monitoring plans: $10 per month for Ring Alarm users, and that includes cloud storage for an unlimited number of Ring cameras. What’s more, you can cancel any time. But if Ring Alarm doesn’t fit your needs, it doesn’t matter how cheap the service plan is. So what do you get from a professional monitoring plan?
In almost all cases, a 24-hour watch by human beings who will call to check on you if an alarm is triggered. If they can’t reach you, they’ll attempt to contact any secondary contacts you’ve provided. And if they can’t get in touch with anyone, they’ll call the police if a break-in is suspected or—with plans that include smoke alarm coverage—the fire department if there’s a fire. Professional monitoring fees typically also cover the cost of backup cellular service for the hub. Service fees, terms, and the fine print that accompany professional monitoring services vary widely. If you sign up for a plan, make sure you understand exactly what you’re getting into. You’ll also want to be aware that self-monitoring is not an option with some home security service providers.
GETTING THE BEST OF BOTH WORLDS If you want a home security system that can also be used as a smart home system, pick one that at a minimum supports smart lighting and a smart thermostat, along with all the most important security features we’ve already discussed.
While security-focused hubs have a ruthless devotion to protecting your homestead, smart home hubs, such as Samsung SmartThings and the Wink Hub 2, are jacks of all trades. They serve as intermediaries between smart home devices and your home network (and by extension, you and your smartphone), helping to coordinate automation, scheduling, and device interaction. You can buy a smart home hub on its own and acquire the components above a la carte, or in some cases, you can buy a starter kit consisting of the hub and a handful of devices. Starter kits are easy, because you don’t need to put a lot of thought into what you’ll need. On the other hand, a kit might stick you with a product or two that you don’t necessarily want. That might be one reason some vendors—including Samsung SmartThings—are moving away from pre-packaged kits. The list of smart home devices these hubs can control is exhaustive— and ever growing—but these are the essentials: Smart bulbs: In many smart home environments, lighting is the killer app that starts things off. These will invariably be of the LED variety and are available in both white and color changing, both of which will be dimmable. Smart plugs: Insert these into your in-wall receptacles and you’ll be able to control lamps (turning them on and off and dimming them) and small appliances (fans and space heaters, for example). Door, window, and motion sensors that can trigger smart lights to light your way, as well set off an alarm in smart home systems that also have security features. Smart thermostats: These can quickly pay for themselves with the energy savings gained from heating and cooling your home only when you’re there to benefit from it. Smart speakers and digital assistants: You typically won’t get an Amazon Echo, Google Home, or other smart speaker as part of a DIY bundle, but these digital assistants are so useful that we consider them to be an essential component of the smart home.
BEYOND THE SMART HOME BASICS
Once you’ve lived in a smart home for a while, you’ll be craving some of these expansion smart products that will render it even more comfortable. Smart locks can inform you of their status, be locked and unlocked remotely, and don’t require keys—just tap your PIN on the keypad or present your smartphone. In-wall switches: Smart bulbs are great—at least until you turn off the switch that’s providing them power. Then it won’t matter what commands your smart home hub send them, they’ll remain off because their radios aren’t receiving any power.
In-wall fan controllers: While some newer ceiling fans are capable of being controlled with Alexa or Google Assistant voice commands, it’s a much less expensive to change the switch that controls them than it is to buy and install a whole new fan. In-wall AC receptacles: Smart plugs will do in a pinch, but their wall-wart designs aren’t the most appealing things to have in your living spaces. A smart garage door opener can be closed remotely, and it can inform your smart home system of its current status at any time.
Smoke and/or carbon monoxide detectors: If a fire breaks out while no one’s home, what good is a standard siren? Smart models can often be tied into your HVAC system, too, so that smoke isn’t circulated to every room, and fresh air is if carbon monoxide is detected. Security cameras that let you see what’s happening in and around your home, and that can capture forensic evidence in the event of a break-in. Water leak sensors: Leaky faucets, overflowing toilets, and failing water heaters can silently inflict thousands of dollars in damage to your home. Place these sensors in vulnerable areas and you’ll get instant alerts to the presence of water where it shouldn’t be. Some can even be tied into smart valves that will automatically shut the water off. Motorized window shades can darken your home theater for movie time, or block the morning or afternoon sun that heats up your home and makes your A/C work overtime. A smart sprinkler controller will take hyperlocal weather conditions and soil moisture content into account, so it doesn’t unnecessarily irrigate your green spaces.
